MOST COMMON
POETIC DEVICES
&
FIGURE OF
SPEECHES
Prof. Abdul Aziz
1. What are poetic or literary devices? آلات شاعری) (
Ans:
A poem or a poetical piece of literature is composed out of Poetic or literary
devices consist of: structural, grammatical, rhythmic, metrical elements.
2.
What
is a Rhyming scheme? (قا فیہ بندی )
Ans:
A rhyming scheme is the pattern of sounds that repeats at the end of a line or
stanza. The rhyming scheme can be changed line by line, stanza by stanza, or can
continue following the same pattern throughout a poem.
3.
What
is Meter? (بحر )
Ans:
Meter is a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem. The study and use of
meter in poetry is known as “prosody” علم عروض.
4.
What
is a Metaphor?
(استعارہ / کنا یہ)
Ans:
Metaphor is a comparison between two different things without using the
words “like” or “As”.
For
Example:
ü The world is a stage.
ü He is an iron will.
5.
What
is Simile?
(تشبیہ )
Ans:
A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two things using
words such “like” or “As”.
For
Example:
ü The world is like a stage.
ü Her voice is as sweet as honey.
6.
What
is Blank Verse? (بے قافیہ نظم)
Ans: Blank verse is a poem or prose that employs
consistent meter but has no formal rhyme scheme. Blank verse is unrhymed iambic
pentameter. Iambic pentameter refers to the meter of a line of poetry. The line
has ten syllables, and the emphasis on the syllables alternates every other syllable is stressed.
For Example:
ü Robert Frost “The Mending Wall”
7.
What
is free verse? (آزاد نظم )
Ans:
Free verse is a literary device that can be defined as poetry that
is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm; such poems are without
rhythm and rhyming schemes. In this way, the poet can give his own shape to a
poem, yet still, provide literary artistic expression.
For
Example:
ü Song of Myself by Walt Whitman
8.
What
is Hyperbole? (غلو / مبالغہ آرائی)
Ans:
Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration overstatement to stress or emphasis a
point.
For
Example:
ü I was so hungry I could eat box.
ü I have million things to do
9.
What
is personification? (تجسیم شخصیت )
Ans:
Personification is when a writer gives human qualities to animals or objects.
For
Example:
ü Lightning and thunderbolt scared and me fall.
ü My alarm clock yells me to get out of bed every morning.
10. What is Ballads? (منظوم قصہ / گیت )
Ans:
A ballad is a poem or song that is usually about a romantic or sentimental topic.
These are type of poem that tells a story and are written with intention of
being sung.
For
Example:
ü The Rime of the ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge۔
11. What is a sonnet? (طربیہ )
Ans:
the word sonnet is derived from the Italian word “Sonetto”, which means a
“little song”. Sonnet is a type of poem that has fourteen lines in length and follows
a rhyme scheme of iambic pentameter.
For Example Shakespearean sonnets, Petrarchan sonnets.
12. What is Elegy? (مرثیہ )
Ans:
An elegy is a poem or song written to lament or commemorate a deceased person
For
Example:
“I
hold it ture, whate’er befall; I feel it when I sorrow most; Tis better to have
loved and lost/ Than to have loved at all.
ü In memoriam A.H.H by Alfred Lord Tennyson
13. What is Ode? (غزل)
Ans:
The literal meaning of “Ode” ((غزل is to converse
with beloved. It is a poem containing minimum 5 verses and maximum 25. An
Ode is a kind of poem composed in lyrical stanza usually praising a person,
event or thing.
For
Example:
ü Shelley’s Ode to west wind
ü Shelley’s Ode to Autumn
14. What is Alliteration? (ہم آواز حرف)
Ans:
Alliteration is a literary device in which a series of words begin with the
same consonant sound.
For Example:
ü She sells seashells by the sea-shore.
ü All Adam ate in August was apples and almonds.
15. What is Oxymoron?( اجتماع ضدین)
Ans:
Oxymoron is a when two contradictory qualities in a same thing at same time.
For
Example:
ü Known secret
ü Clearly missing
ü Fully empty
16. What is Imagery? (تمثیل / تصور بندی)
Ans:
Imagery is what a writer uses to create “mental images” by invoking or drawing
on the five senses namely taste, touch, sight, smell and sound.
For
Example:
ü It was dark and stormy night.
ü The fragrance of red roses deeply etches in mind.
ü The sound was so loud my ears rang for days afterwards.
17. What is Irony? (طنز و طعن)
Ans:
Irony is a mode of speech in which the real meaning is exactly the opposite of
that which is literally conveyed, mean surface meaning is different from the
intended meaning.
For Example:
ü
The police
station gets robbed.
ü
A marriage
counselor files for divorce.
18. What is Paradox? (خلاف قیاس / متضاد
گوئی)
Ans:
A paradox is a statement that contradicts itself and still seems to be true.
For
Example:
ü I know one thing; that I know nothing.
ü This is the beginning of the end.
19. What is Allegory (تمثیل نگاری /بیان حکایت)
Allegory is a figure of speech in which abstract ideas
and principles are described in terms of characters, figures, and events. It
can be employed in prose and poetry to tell a story, with a purpose
of preaching truth, morals or explaining a broader idea. The objective of its
use is to teach some kind of a moral lesson.
20.
What is an
Anecdote? (پر مزاح کہانی)
Anecdote is defined as a short and interesting story, or an amusing
event, often proposed to support or demonstrate some point, and to make the audience laugh۔
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